Observation Methods:

• recording the behavioral patterns of people, objects, and events in a systematic manner to obtain information about the phenomenon of interest

• no direct contact with the stimuli being observed

• information recorded as the events occur or from past records

Intercept surveys:

Intercept surveys, in which face-to-face interviews are conducted with people who are stopped at a public location such as a shopping centre. In most intercept surveys, interviewers are sent out to recruit anyone who looks as if she or he might qualify for the survey. People are approached and asked to participate in interviews on the spot.